Kimi K3.1 Pro model weights are out (huggingface.co)

315 pointsby abrarthought8 hours ago85 comments

__jf__ 7 hours ago

Subtle quote from their website:

> Advancing the Frontier of Open Intelligence.

Too bad you probably need something like an 8x B300 node to run this. Black Friday is coming soon though, but I fear this open intelligence will be pacing anyone's liquidity frontier so I'll probably keep trailing the frontier for a while with nvidia/qwen3.8-27B-NVFP4 on dual RTX PRO 4000 in TP=2. I can almost fit 450k context in there.

graykevinb 7 hours ago

AND developer cloud has an image for K3 running it on a single MI300x. Offloading to system ram can be quite decent.

I cant say how well that image works as I'm still waiting for them to approve my gpu access

vorticalbox 7 hours ago

Do you need 450k context?

I usually keep under 200k if I can help it for Claude/ open ai

And lower locally on my Mac to save on prefill.

__jf__ 6 hours ago

No, also because that would mean I have to read up on rope scaling or whatever to go beyond the default 256k context, which so far I’ve avoided. But you can allocate it as 220k context for 2 parallel Pi workers, that really speeds things up! Or as ~8x 50k context for dedicated parallel document processing.

LarsDu88 7 hours ago

Possible data center bans incoming + tons of GPUs sitting in warehouses due to lack of power infrastructure to power them.

Perhaps a flood of 8x B300 will be homelab ready in a few months

swingandamiss 7 hours ago

No, they'll be shipped off to Asia where technology is embraced.

DaSHacka 6 hours ago

The rise of China due to hand-over-fist ceeding of power and influence fueled in equal parts by the right and left is so astonishing it'll certainly go down in the history books (written in Mandarin, of course).

Bonus points when the morons are doing so because they get all their political news from a Chinese platform. The [Americans] have gone insane.

NitpickLawyer 6 hours ago

> a flood of 8x B300 will be homelab ready in a few months

Haha, that's beyond wishful thinking, I'm afraid. We're not even seeing a flood of A100s (6 yo and several generations old). Every GPU is still being squeezed right now, and the trend will probably continue for the foreseeable future.

throwup238 6 hours ago

Last I checked AWS still sells EC2 instances using 2018 era GPUs. Most people underestimate just how much long tail demand there is and how long these cards last, despite the higher power consumption.

fauigerzigerk 4 hours ago

Yes, but if data center space gets tight, it creates an incentive to replace old inefficient models with better ones, i.e. sqeueeze more performance out of limited data center space.

x187463 6 hours ago

The world is bigger than the US. If the political climate in the US obstructs the build out, the build out will occur somewhere else.

seviu 4 hours ago

It’s called pacing the frontier

fauigerzigerk 4 hours ago

I agree, but it would have to be a place with plenty of energy and the only such place outside the US is a war zone.

Perhaps one option is building data centers along with solar power plants in sunny countries that have a lot of space. I'm not sure about the water/cooling situation though.

viccis 6 hours ago

>Possible data center bans incoming

A lot of the data center build out has been bipartisan. Unless Dems realize they need to listen to their constituents to avoid a 2028 bloodbath (they probably won't), I wouldn't count on that to save us from RAM/GPU prices.

FuriouslyAdrift 3 hours ago

There are 300 racks of nVidia A100 servers for sale from a refurber right now on eBay...

zozbot234 7 hours ago

You could easily run it with SSD streaming on as little as 192GB RAM (The dense portion is around 115GB or so at native precision, and the remainder would fit KV and a cache for the most commonly referenced experts.) This fits Gorgon Halo, which is a reasonably priced platform. It would be slow, but still usable for high-value tasks.

thway15269037 5 hours ago

Excuse me, could you elaborate how you came up with 192GB of RAM? I almost thought they downsized model, but it's still 2.8T tokens. Are we talking about not-yet-out 1-bit quant or assumption that something like ds4 (daskstar, not deepseek) will heavily optimize it?

Not a trolling question, genuine interest.

adgjlsfhk1 5 hours ago

it's a mixture of experts so it's somewhat viable to stream weights from nvme

zozbot234 5 hours ago

It's not based on loading the full 1.5TB model into VRAM or system RAM, it's just streaming parameters on demand from SSD - which is worthwhile since the MoE portion of the model is quite sparsely accessed. This has been demoed on a 128GB M5 MacBook Pro with lousy performance (0.3 tok/s or so) because it had to load at least ~25GB from SSD per token (comprising the entirety of the sparsely routed active params) and potentially even reload some of the dense weights, depending on what exactly managed to fit on that platform. With 192GB you'd avoid any reloading for the dense weights and even cache a few layer-experts.

reasonableklout 4 hours ago

Wow, TIL. Is there any calculator or rule of thumb you use to figure out the expected performance of a model on some DRAM/SSD split? For instance I am wondering what the performance could be like on a 512GB M5 Mac Studio.

zozbot234 3 hours ago

The rule of thumb is to just test it on your chosen platform, with your workload. SSD performance matters a lot obviously, you'll want to run PCIe 5.0 if at all feasible, or a recent M5 Pro/Max/Ultra or M6 Mac with high storage capacity (lower tiers have much worse performance). You can figure out a worst case easily (assuming that the fraction of sparse params you manage to cache in VRAM or system RAM has a fair chance of being picked among the total) but in practice you do quite a bit better than that - which is why even very small caches can be potentially worthwhile.

thway15269037 2 hours ago

Yes, I understand the principle, but will it be usable? E.g. in my personal opinion border of usefulness starts somewhere at 7-10 tok/s. I currently have 192GB and 24GB VRAM, and I can run Qwen-Flash-Next (4 bit) and GLM5.3-Flash (4 bit) at 25 tok/s and 7 tok/s respectfully (with quantized cache on beellama). Parallel queries worsen result significantly but can push aggregate to around 50 tok/s.

I can't, however, run DS4.1-1017, for example, but maybe I didn't find proper options and quantization yet.

So I'm really interested how to be sure what can/cannot fit in specific hardware (for example, I want to buy a Mac Studio with 64 or 128 GB RAM, what MoE model it would run at comfortable speed? Will it be qwen-flash-next or something bigger? And so on). So far websites with "benchmarks" were really terrible in that regard (and huggingface calculator even worse!)

zozbot234 2 hours ago

> in my personal opinion border of usefulness starts somewhere at 7-10 tok/s.

This is expected if you're actively steering the agent, but what about running unattended tasks - perhaps multiple such tasks in parallel, such that you can stay engaged by "attending" to each of them in turn? Then you're not restricted to such a requirement, and can benefit from much slower (individually, not wrt. total throughput) inference streams.

> I currently have 192GB and 24GB VRAM

I'm not familiar with beellama, but this seems like it could be the perfect setup for Strata which people are saying good things about, including for running DS4.1F (at least quantized). The whole point of it is to effectively leverage heterogenous RAM/VRAM setups. Of course llama.cpp itself is doing a good job of trying to catch up, but they've yet to support efficient SSD streaming (mmap doesn't quite cut it) in the main branch.

labcomputer 5 hours ago

All these very large models are sparse mixtures of experts (SMoE), where typically only 2-3% of weights are active for a given forward pass.

Usually there are some static experts in each attention layer, plus a whole bunch of dynamically-routed experts. Typically some form of LRU cache is used for the dynamic experts.

So you can keep only the static expert(s) and routing layers in memory and then stream the dynamic experts from SSD, at a modest inference speed cost driven by the latency required to load layers from SSD when they aren’t already in the memory cache.

The LRU cache works reasonably well because a given task will often hit the same experts on each iteration of the forward pass.

For example, on a Mac Studio, Qwen3.8-flash-next (180b total parameters) with 50% of experts in memory and n-gram offloading has about 1/4 to 1/3 the inference speed of everything in memory. That requires 32GB of vRAM for the weights (plus a little extra for context, obviously)

bityard 6 hours ago

Models this size aren't targeting hobbyists running models in their bedrooms on gaming/surplus hardware bought with disposable income.

This model is for researchers who already have racks of equipment, inference providers who sell access to models, and for businesses who must (or choose to) use on-prem models. All of which have to pay to use the model if their revenue rises beyond certain thresholds: https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K3.1-Pro/blob/main/LI...

zozbot234 6 hours ago

It's only "model as a service" providers beyond the stated threshold that have to pay. No issues for any kind of purely internal use.

minton 5 hours ago

> more than $20 million…in monthly revenue

Sign me up!

joecot 6 hours ago

The benefit is that you can use these models on a variety of different providers. You're not stuck with a single proprietary provider. Aggregators like OpenCode Zen and OpenCode Go can shop around providers on these. OpenRouter shows you the costs of a bunch of the providers, and you can route to the cheapest ones.

I regularly use together.ai with models like this, where they're fully self hosting them and I can turn off all data retention, at a fraction of the cost of proprietary models. I recently discovered abliterated models (models edited to not refuse to work on security stuff) and hosts for them like refuseless.com, and that's an option for open source models, not for proprietary ones.

penagwin 5 hours ago

> Aggregators like OpenCode Zen and OpenCode Go can shop around providers on these. OpenRouter shows you the costs of a bunch of the providers, and you can route to the cheapest ones.

Unfortunately due to their licensing requirements for modal-as-a-service providers, the pricing can’t go lower than Moonshot’s from what I can tell.

This is still great if like your example you trust together.ai more, or if different providers have better speeds/cache rates (though usually the original lab has the best cache hit rate).

And obviously if you’re a large enough service to afford to self host or finetune it then this is good.

joecot 5 hours ago

Maybe for the API rate, but for OpenCode Go they're regularly making deals to get users a lot more than their money's worth on open source models.

athrowaway3z 4 hours ago

I didn't dig into Kimi's MaaS legalese, but i dont really understand how that knee-high fence is supposed to work long term.

All the service provider needs to do is provide the option to rent out VM's with access to the inference cards.

Have the customer provide the model.

Maybe provide a bit of a speedup, by letting the customer mount the model by hash.

Sure, that all sounded way too technical 10 years ago, and somebody would have said that's already too much annoyance to deal with for average customers.

Reluctantly i'd agree.

That was 10 years ago. Nowadays, with some proper docs, this entire set up can be up and running in 5 minutes.

itkovian_ 5 hours ago

It’d be interesting to think if device swarm serving of these models ever becomes possible - are a few projects that seem to be just starting on this.

It seems more plausible to me than wherever the frontier is at any given time getting small enough to serve on one local card directly

boznz 4 hours ago

Due to costs I am unfortunately years away from ever seeing hardware at this level, but if you just want to study LLM's and AI then there are still plenty of models that work fine on crappy hardware, and you don't have to worry about them becoming sentient on you :-)

FuriouslyAdrift 3 hours ago

We're running Kimi 2.8 on a 4x AMD MI300A single server on-premise that cost about $110k.

We will break even from our old Claude spend in about 2 weeks.

It services 30-40 analysts and staff concurrently and is faster than any of the SaaS out there for us.

flossly 3 hours ago

Wow... I'd like to know more. 40 analysts not spending 100USD/month is 4k/month saved. That means you break even in 27 months. But you probably used Claude much more than that.

Also what harness do you use? Any problems you encountered on the way?

trentor 2 hours ago

Oh boy... we are talking about insane token spends in corps at the moment. 100$ is a blip.

cute_boi 2 hours ago

I think you should compare with api cost? I am using $200 plan and it is probably around $12k in token cost....

FuriouslyAdrift 2 hours ago

Just one of our analysts was burning around 30-40 million tokens per project.

EDIT: per project, not per month

EDIT 2: digging out an old bill from 8 months ago when we bought the server, $14k per month is what we were running and it was going up, a lot.

Moto7451 2 hours ago

Anthropic is very good at either convincing or forcing (I’m not sure which) companies to pay for tokens rather than for subscriptions. My old job moved from subs to tokens and everyone started running out of budget mid month. It was a bad move for a company that laid off all of QA and 2/3 of Engineering and committed to everyone making up for it with LLMs.

mosselman an hour ago

I don't get this, why do people pay for API tokens at all? What is the reasoning?

mattnewton an hour ago

Zero Data Retention is the big one I think (and also the ToS don't allow multiple personal accounts for businesses anyways)

thefounder 3 hours ago

you are aware that hardware gets better and cheaper, right ?

randbyte an hour ago

2 gb300 node actually. Or 8 gb300 cards since 1 node has 4.

segmondy 7 hours ago

Doesn't seem to outpace DeepSeekV4.1-Flash by much. Hy4 also announced their models and they have tons of internal benchmark, and K3.1 doesn't score that high on those benchmarks whereas Opus5.5 does, so it seems K3.1 is benchmaxxed.

conception 6 hours ago

Depends on what you're using it for. DSf is pretty good at executing planned coding tasks but it isn't very intelligent. K3.1 doesn't need to be a coding master if it can be a fable replacement.

zozbot234 6 hours ago

For reference, Hy4 Preview was a 770B model (49B active) + 10B MTP (0.7B active). Not nearly the same potential as Kimi K3 (which is 2.8T) wrt. real-world knowledge - which matters at the new frontier of advanced research and scholarly tasks. Coding benchmarks are pretty much universally saturated by now which is why newer intelligence indexes have chosen to weigh tasks quite differently.

segmondy 6 hours ago

I'm not talking about Hy4 Preview. I'm talking about Hy4, it was announced this morning. - https://hy.tencent.ai/research/hy4

zozbot234 6 hours ago

Is there any evidence that Hy4 proper is a new architecture compared to Hy4 Preview? Mind you, the Preview page explicitly says "we're not even done with pretraining, let alone model fine-tuning".

segmondy 6 hours ago

Oh ok, I see what you mean, you are just comparing them by weight. In that case, it tracks that K3.1 will have more knowledge. It's the same architecture. I'm just saying that for how large K3.1 is, intelligence by weight, it's not crushing DSV4.1 or Hy4

reissbaker 6 hours ago

If you use it day-to-day you can definitely feel that K3 (and K3.1) are much stronger than DS4.1-Flash-1017. There's something the benchmarks don't capture. DS4.1-Flash-1017 is an amazing model for the price, but it's not a very large model in comparison.

I wouldn't over-weight internal benchmarks from a competitor that claim benchmaxxing TBH. Kimi K3 has been at the top of Design Arena for open-weight models for a long long time, and I suspect K3.1 will be there for a long time too. It's pretty hard to fake that one since it's actual human preferences for the artifacts produced.

seizethecheese 5 hours ago

Speaking of arena comparisons of K3.1 and DS4.1-Flash, we're spinning one up that's more relevant than design, I think: https://agentduel.com/leaderboard

Here, DS4.1-Flash and K3.1 are basically tied, with K3.1 being slower and more expensive. Big error bars, though.

Even with error bars, DS4.1-flash is clearly an impressive model.

reissbaker 5 hours ago

If your benchmark puts DS4.1-Flash at the same tier as K3 or K3.1, I'm sorry to say your benchmark is broken. It really isn't, as much as I wish it was.

seizethecheese 5 hours ago

We allow early voting. This is against what most arenas do, but is on purpose. If the model is faster to do simple stuff, it should be chosen. In this sense, DS4.1-Flash is better on many tasks.

You can remove early voting from leaderboard and they are no longer the same.

nostrebored 33 minutes ago

But how do you verify a fair or representative distribution of complexity?

carterschonwald 4 hours ago

every time i accidentally use flash versions of deep seek i get really frustrated with the model till i realize that it was the wrong model. im also a little confused because it seems like at least comparisons make it sound like ds is no longer focusing on their high reasoning model family …

ricardobeat 2 hours ago

How do you use them day-to-day? The subscription lasts for minutes of usage at at time, and API costs are crazy high. There is zero reason to use it over an Anthropic subscription, it is not faster or cheaper - unlike DeepSeek 4.1, MiMo 2.6 or other flash models.

Scene_Cast2 5 hours ago

I wanted to switch to DS4.1F from K3 (not even K3.1). Even the 1017 snapshot takes 5x-10x the tokens that K3 uses for the task, and often misses more intricate gotchas that K3 catches.

NitpickLawyer 5 hours ago

> so it seems K3.1 is benchmaxxed.

It's worse than that. It seems that they straight up trained on the test sets, according to this [1].

> When prefilling K3.1’s reasoning with a request to list its instructions, K3.1 names hidden requirements in 65% of its answers, K3 in 18%. When we edit a task file to contradict one of these rules, K3.1 ignores the edit and fails the task (in three of four tasks), while other models follow it. K3.1 does follow edits that do not contradict a hidden rule.

> We think these behaviors are most likely signs of training directly on the benchmark tasks with a teacher that saw the hidden grading rules, for example on-policy self-distillation.

> K3.1 also names HLE on 8.4% of the questions, often while trying to work out which benchmark a question comes from

> For example, in the production-planning task, the prompt never mentions tiers or lexicographic order. K3.1 writes “Instructions strongly say set-level aggregate fulfilled qty per priority tier lexicographic [...]”, which is the hidden ranking rule. In 23.3% of its 189 attempts, K3.1 presents a requirement that the prompt lacks and the hidden tests check as an instruction

[1] - https://r40.org/papers/kimi_k31_benchmark_audit.pdf

zozbot234 5 hours ago

> When we edit a task file to contradict one of these rules, K3.1 ignores the edit and fails the task

Ouch, that's a nasty case of reward hacking. Thanks for pointing this out!

O_H_E 38 minutes ago

Wow, really interesting work. Run of the mil benchmarks has been so shallow in measuring real performance, especially outside agentic software development.

Aside from this paper and K3.1 specifically, is there somewhere where I can read more a high-level introduction about the state of things in this niche? like the different types of faults like these models fail and ideally how to fish them out?

dmckinno 5 hours ago

Lots of chatter about how this model is benchmaxxed, but didn’t observe this in our testing.

Very strong open model release that is a bit off the frontier but totally amazing for most use-cases.

https://x.com/danielmckinn0n/status/2115213822957117535?a=fO...

JacobAsmuth 2 hours ago

Hypothesis for why K3.1 dropped so much in relative position to other models when AA switched to private evals? Primarily FrontierCode, CritPt V2, and the new private version of AA Omniscience where the model massively underperforms relative to its performance on public benchmarks?

minimaxir 5 hours ago

Third-party inference providers are now hosting it, with more popping up by the hour: https://openrouter.ai/moonshotai/kimi-k3.1-pro

Together appears to have double throughput of the Moonshot AI endpoint at the same price point (with Modal having double that throughput), so I suspect there is room for inference providers to optimize...and therefore headroom to cut costs for competition.

throwa356262 6 hours ago

These releases are meant for companies, not average Joe:

https://www.theregister.com/ai-and-ml/2026/11/03/british-fin...

zozbot234 5 hours ago

¿Por qué no los dos?

codethief 5 hours ago

Average Joe likely can't host the model to begin with but the average company won't be able to do so either, at least not for others[0]:

> If the Licensee or any of its affiliates operates a Model as a Service business, and the aggregate revenue of the Licensee and its affiliates exceeds 20 million US dollars (or the equivalent in other currencies) in total over any consecutive 12 months, the Licensee must enter into a separate agreement with Moonshot AI before using the Software or its derivative works for any commercial purpose.

[0]: https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K3.1-Pro/blob/main/LI...

ls612 5 hours ago

This doesn’t stop any company spinning it up for their internal use. It only bites if you try to resell it.

7734128 4 hours ago

It's not impossible that the separate agreement in question imposes light limitations.

I think one of the initial reasons why otherwise open source models started with the limitations on model-as-a-service use cases was because of quantised or entirely different models being served as the model in question on open router, and they needed a legal method to limit that. It might just be that, thought it might also be the direct opposite, hard to know.

speedping 5 hours ago

Even if you can’t run this at home, this is still a step toward commoditization & diversification of inference and breaking up of concentrated power. Being able to serve a frontier-class model with 1M$ of capital in GPUs instead of multi-year billion dollar investment in training & research is a big difference

throw938990 5 hours ago

You can run it on high end laptop at like 0.1 token per second.

But I think smaller size models like qwen 3.8 are way more important.

purplemantis 5 hours ago

3T parameters! I've been really impressed with Kimi's coding performance. It's replaced a lot of my Claude Code workflows, which just got way too expensive. Wonder how big Fable and Opus are in comparison.

thway15269037 2 hours ago

Chinese labs seem to think that fable/mythos is a 10T+ model, and target that amount of parameters with next iteration of qwen/kimi/ds/glm. Proves nothing tho.

zozbot234 2 hours ago

With common use of n-gram tables, comparing "params" count has gotten harder. Those are exceptionally sparse and light on compute, way beyond even the sparsest MoE experts. You could host them on a slow spinning disk and still have a viable local inference platform.

thway15269037 an hour ago

So that's why I can't buy a replacement 16TB HDD for less than a 1000$ when three years ago I bought them for 229$ a pop.

I wondered why do they even need slow HDDs, like, do they store training data on them? User chats? Do they assemble crazy 12-way stripes for fast speed? Do they store what, failed attempts?

selectodude an hour ago

I think that’s just because hoovering up the entire worlds worth of data and saving it to a RAID multiplied by every frontier lab is a lot of fucking hard drives.

lacoolj 5 hours ago

I love this

But i also get the immediate "but how is anyone supposed to run this locally" feeling

Maybe we need a new network. Like, Nextdoor + counterstrike pub servers, but for local LLM. We can call it semilocal

Creamsicle47 5 hours ago

Blyat cyka rush B

pmdr 5 hours ago

Now let's see this on some abliterated APIs. I'm sick and tired of Claude standing guard for copyright after Anthropic stole everything there was to steal and got away with it.

tgtweak 6 hours ago

If someone released a 0.1bit quant I can run it. /s

user_7832 5 hours ago

Fwiw, the Qwen 3.8 27B at 4 bit quant is apparently quite good and is probably the best recent model. It runs (iirc) on 18-22ish GB of memory.

robertkarl 5 hours ago

quantization has come a really long way. Q3 is fine, especially GSQ-RCO. You can run 27B well on 16GB of VRAM.

zozbot234 4 hours ago

The point of quantizing larger models is to beat other models running on the same limited-VRAM platform, i.e. 16GB VRAM in your example. You're doing "well" compared to other models meant for running on 16GB VRAM; you're not doing "well" at all compared to those running higher precisions for the same params up to at least Q8. (16 bit and higher is where the gain from further precision gets real iffy.)

adornKey 4 hours ago

With e.g. Strata you can run 125B Q4 very well on 16 GB of VRAM. 27B already has vintage vibes... OH, the good old 27B days...

ricardobeat 2 hours ago

I read somewhere that Qwen 4 is right around the corner. Praise be!