> Online I’ve seen instances where developers are proclaiming that all of their tests will be end-to-end. So we’re trading tests that are cheap with tests that are slower, need a running system and fail intermittently. An end-to-end test belongs at the top of the pyramid and when you move everything there, it gives you less coverage at a higher cost and topples over.
E2E tests can definitely be fragile, but I've definitely also seen cases of unit tests being fragile too: they try to go way beyond the scope of the "unit", and end up failing inconsistently for all sorts of benign reasons (e.g., leaking state between tests), wasting time. When you get into those kind of situations, just declaring unit test bankruptcy is a little tempting. But there's got to be some balance.