How well do agents use test/verification techniques? (danluu.com)

In my experience, agents often think of more edge cases than humans when writing unit tests. But under the guidance of certain skills, they can become mechanical and lose sight of the business logic.

For example, when I use the Superpowers skill set, the agent proactively adopts TDD for every new feature. But its understanding of testing often stays superficial: if the user asks for a screen with a “Send” button, it first writes a test checking whether the button exists. The test fails, so it adds the button to make it pass.

As a result, the test suite fills up with low-value cases that check whether a property exists or a string matches exactly. The agent follows the “write a failing test, then implement the feature” workflow, but never really tests the business behavior: When should sending be allowed? What should happen after success or failure? How should duplicate submissions be handled?

The problem isn’t that agents can’t write tests. It’s that they seem prone to reducing TDD to a rigid sequence of steps, struggling to independently derive meaningful test cases from business requirements and use them to drive development.

It is still early, but I find that this experiment makes little to no sense and it is barely useful.

The way you test code cannot (and should not) be decoupled by the way in which you architect the code itself.

80%+ of effective testing is not in the testing framework but in the code architecture.

The author doesn't mention how the code is being architected and managed.

For what it is worth, I found that forcing agents on DI/hexagonal architecture and forcing a trivial coverage check is quite useful and produce overall good enough code with relative little effort

This is significantly more thorough than any testing I've done, and in a totally different domain, but my anecdotal experience getting agents to use Hypothesis was quite poor.

The agent really, really struggled to bridge the gap between the code and the actual business rules it was meant to be modelling. It also struggled to work out which functions at which layer were appropriate to write tests for. So, its tests tended to be very brittle to changes to domain logic.

Essentially, agents have always seemed to struggle with modularity and problem decomposition. Good testing is about finding the right things to test, which means working out how to subdivide the input state into an appropriate product state, and checking each behaviour independently. IMO, this is the most difficult and complicated thing about programming, so I won't say it struggled _more_ than a human would --- but humans have the advantage of being able to sleep on it?

One minor thing I observed was that it tended to get really hung up on floating point edge cases (NaNs, infinities). Maybe floating point edge cases are over-represented in the property-testing training data, but it's essentially irrelevant for my usecase, at least as far as the business rules go.

You know how everyone thinks agents are bad at the thing they're good at and good at the thing they're bad at? It turns out I must be bad at testing, because I thought they do a reasonable job.

    assert(CONSTANT_CONFIG == valueOfConfig)

    assert(prompt.includes("repo url"))

I wonder how well this fares

   try to make illegal states unrepresentable

In my experience, agents know how to do it. They just don't if it's not the default style of the language.

If I understood correctly, the author had the agent perform manual mutation testing (write code, write passing tests, manually change the code to see some tests fail, then revert the change), rather than automated mutation testing. Why not use a mutation-testing framework and consider the build failed if a certain percentage of mutations are not killed?

The article claims that the agents didn’t actually use TDD or mutation testing. While it’s possible for an agent to ignore the TDD procedure even when instructed to follow it, it can’t ignore a build failure.

Results seem somewhat reasonable given that the amount of verus/TLA/Creusot/Lean code out there is tiny compared to all the other non-formal code.

So it's understandable that the agents wont be able to go beyond proving trival things, given how much more difficult it is to write such code.

A (more) interesting experiment (to me) would be to write a high level spec manually for a non-trivial system (liveness etc.) and see if the agent can produce an implementation using guided refinements that satisfies this specification.

Timely. I'm also looking at this now, actually! We tend to throw benchmark after benchmark at systems, but miss that models are one part of the system. Harnesses are more than models and need tuning too, and in doing so there can be gains or loss of prior tested function as well.

I don't know what I'm most impressed by: (a) the testing expertise, (b) the time spent looking into the reasoning mistakes generated by LLMs, or (c) the insane amounts of money this must have cost!

Detail in TFA looks impressive and I promise I'll do a close reading later. But..

The whole premise of the question is hilarious. They change text in an existing one-line comment and the best models in the world think, gee, maybe I'll lint everything AND run 4000 units. Maybe 5000 integration tests too, just to ensure we collide with any other work in progress. So you write the obligatory but often-ignored obvious things into agent memory or project steering markdown or periodic nudges: You must have a hypothesis when you run expensive tests, you must spot check changes first, then start with the most relevant tests only, then move outwards only as necessary to broader labels and only then suites and only then ALL suites in a widening gyre.

But like a falcon ignoring the falconer, the models want to run the everything for anything. So you sigh, you get the model to write a deterministic hook to catch the wrong invocation of the test suite, and you spend weeks refining the rules every time you hit a edge-case, and so it goes. At least you don't have to write the involved regexes by hand, and maybe one day it will be finished..

I haven't finished reading and had to make a detour into another article by the same author, so, probably, I will have to extend the comment, but so far this:

> Perhaps the limiting factor is just that knowledge of effective test techniques isn't very widespread

That linked to: https://danluu.com/testing/

But of course... the problem of testing is a lot harder than performance optimization... I'm surprised this comes as a surprise. Performance optimization has plenty of evaluation metrics by its very nature. Testing? -- I wish there was anything tangible at all... Because we have metrics for optimization, we have theories of optimization, i.e. we have a way of explaining how or what optimization should do. With testing? -- we are nowhere close to this point.

Another aspect of this disparity is that we also know how to sell performance optimizations. It's easy to write into an ad pamphlet that the version 2.0 of gobbledygook does 185% more gobbledygook than the 1.0! (The number faithfully copied from my cereal box!) With testing? -- How can you even tell the customer that the product was tested better? Swear on your life and cross your heart (twice, as opposed to the last time when you only did it once?)

In general, in the field, I've only have so far met with extreme pessimism about feasibility of "theory of testing" existing. Even though the need for testing goes without saying, the actual testing task is reserved for the least competent and there's little no no effort made to improve anything in this department as it's perceived to be a black hole in the budget: no matter how much you could spend on testing, the effect is likely to be the same.

nice setup for this. did any single technique clearly stand out, or did it mostly come down to the base model?